The carbide rods, as I understand, are designed to reprofile a destroyed edge and then you'd move on to the ceramic rods. I don't use the portables like in the OP. A Sharpmaker, Smith's 3-in-1, or Lansky Turnbox (I've got all three) are simply terrific for a dull but OK edge. If you've got dings, dents, chips, etc. you'll need something more aggressive. Sharpmaker has a pair of diamond rods for the Sharpmaker but I ended up buying a DMT coarse/extra-coars Dia-Sharp dual sided stone. That and the standard Sharpmaker is all I need for a knife with dings, dents, or chips.
Matter of fact, I received an old Vic Explorer yesterday, well-used. Both blades were quite dull and the edges were as I described regarding damages - all three problems were on each blade. I gave the Sharpmaker a go and it resharpened the blade but the damaged areas were still there. I took the knife to my diamond stone and worked it lightly on both blades and went back the the Sharpmaker. Not perfect (I'm a little impatient) but about 95% fixed. I give it another go round later to make it 100%. Total time was maybe 15 minutes. Having the diamond stone with coarser grits made a lot of difference to me.
As far as the Sharpmaker's fixed angles, you can hold the knife at whatever angle to the rods as you wish just like you would free handing a different angle than 30 or 40 inclusive.