Jewish / German manufacturers PRE-WWII

ISKski

Gold Member
Joined
Apr 11, 2011
Messages
1,066
I was just wondering if anyone could inform me of some German made knives that were produced by Jewish manufacturers in the time immediately preceding Nazi Germany - Being Jewish I do not buy antique german knives because of their potential association with Nazi Germany. I have heard a few times reading thru the Traditional section and Levine's forum that there were a few Jewish owned factories that were seized by the Nazi's and production continued under Nazi ownership, but I can't remember any of the names.

So, can anyone tell me of some Jewish knife makers/manufacturers in Germany from like 1920-1933?

Thanks all!

ISK
 
I don't know of the Jewish part but many of the American knife companies were started by German immigrants in the 1800s. Certainly German blades were imported .IIRC Henckels had a sales office in NYC in the late 1800s. Solingen was the big knife making center so that may be a start.
 
As a descendant of German Jews, I share your interest in Jewish German cutlers with USA market share. I am aware of three factories closed by Germans due to WWars. Schrades Solingen factory was closed before WW1. Camillus and Schmachtenberg's Solingen plants were closed I believe in 1939. The Koester factory I believe was repurposed to make umbrellas per Levine:
http://www.bladeforums.com/forums/s...on-Age?p=4138578&highlight=Jewish#post4138578

To the best of my understanding Camillus was the largest German Jewish cutler in USA! Originally founded by the Koester and Baer families, both Jewish. Koester had brothers in both Solingen and New York, a typical arrangement for several German cutlers that had USA market share, including Boeker. After some reorganization, Koester owned Camillus and Albert and Henry Baer worked for them. Later Baer went off on their own, and ultimately Baer bought Schrade, Ulster, Imperial and Camillus. My info came primarily from Codger_64, he really knows his stuff, and if I have made any errors I hope someone will correct me.

Camillus also made knives for Remington, Russell, Sears Craftsman, and others. At one point Camillus hired a German foreman named Tillman, who did not share the Koester's loyalty to USA against Germany. Tillman moved to Boker, and later to Remington. You will note that Remington and Boker share the acorn shield.

Ulster was owned by an Irish family, not Jewish, Imperial by an Italian family, also not Jewish, and Schrade was born in USA and was Catholic.

more info in these threads
http://www.bladeforums.com/forums/showthread.php/1124433
http://www.bladeforums.com/forums/showthread.php/522788
http://www.bladeforums.com/forums/s...lus-Mom-and-apple-pie?p=12872909#post12872909

there is also a spreadsheet called kastorlist.xls with a huge number of Camillus made brands. I got it from stich2442, he is a huge source of knowledge as well. Here is my first Camillus, a gift from Stich
IMG_7148.JPG


if you email me I will also offer additional info relating to Jewish knives that is a banned topic here on BF
Happy Holidays
 
Last edited:
Very interesting. A fascinating subject for certain. A very interesting and horrible time in human history. I've just finished reading Winds of War and War and Remembrance, both fantastic. I try to impress upon my children the necessity of eternal vigilance we must maintain to make certain it never happens again.

I'll be watching this thread. It's an angle I've never considered before.
 
The big one that comes to mind is Adolph Kastor (Koster) who basically founded Camillus Cutlery.

He was in business with his brothers under the name Adolph Kastor & Bros, which was previously Meyers & Kastor

Mostly they imported knives from England at first, but his brother Nathan did set up a factory in Germany under the name Germania Cutlery Works. I believe the company mostly made razors under the trademark "Oxford razor". It was seized by the Nazis in the late 30's.


Joseph and David Miller were also American Jewish cutlery makers, their blades are marked "J. & D. Miller N.Y. Guaranteed", but I believe they immigrated from Russia.

There is a book by Anthony Carter "The Sword and Knife Makers of Germany 1850-2000". I think it's still incomplete with only volume 1 available, but still is probably the best work on German knife makers. Whether or not it mentions the religions of the makers I do not know, that may take some extra work.
 
You will note that Remington and Boker share the acorn shield.

Jon, I did not know this but more than once suspected such. The knife I sent Jack Black bears a very close resemblance to many Remington Jacks I've seen in the past, one just recently posted here. From the shield to the rat tail bolsters.

Thanks for the informative post :thumbup:

Merry Christmas,

Paul
 
thanks for your kind words paulhilborn
just so you have the background link, and not just my interpretation, see the links in this post, also quoted below, since it is relevant to this topic of Jewish manufacturers
http://www.bladeforums.com/forums/s...pie?p=12872909&highlight=tillman#post12872909


http://www.bladeforums.com/forums/sh...ad.php/1021648

 Originally Posted by Codger_64 
In fact, it was Aaron’s nephew, Adolph Kastor, immigrated from Germany in 1870, who hired Henry's younger brother, Albert as a salesman at age 16 in 1922. In October, 1876, the 20-year old Adolph Kastor had his new company operating in a building on Canal Street in New York City, Adolph Kastor & Bros., importers of German made knives. This eventually became Camillus Cutlery. In 1932, August Kastor retired from Kastor Bros. and sold his shares in Kastor Bros. to Albert Baer. This is how the Baer's came to begin Camillus ownership.

Henry started out at age sixteen working for Frank Seeman Inc., an advertising agency in New York in 1916 and attended classes at the Art Student‘s League at night. But he soon joined the U.S. Navy in 1917, serving in WWI.

Returning home at the war‘s end, Henry was employed with his two uncles in their furniture business. Both Uncles died four years later in 1922 and Henry, then 22, took over the business, traveling from Maine to Georgia three weeks of the month as salesman.

It was while making a sales call in New York City that Henry met with a bizarre accident. Opening a door he thought led to a stairwell, Henry plummeted four stories down an open elevator shaft. He survived the fall, but spent six months in Bellevue Hospital recovering from his injuries… a broken pelvis, two broken arms and nose, and a potentially fatal skull fracture.

For those six months he was recovering in the hospital younger brother Albert, then 18 and employed with Adolph Kastor & Bros., visited nightly and wrote to Henry’s customers, taking care of their orders so that no customers were lost.

Henry joined his younger brother Albert in the knife business when the latter bought out the Divine family who owned what would be renamed the Ulster Knife Company in Walden New York. And continued with his brother when he, under the auspices of IKAC, purchased the Schrade family ownership of Schrade Cutlery, subsequently renamed Schrade Walden just at the end of WWII, and still later when he bought the remaining shares of the Kastor family in Camillus Cutlery in 1963, and Imperial Knife Associated Companies in 1983 to form Imperial Schrade Corporation.

Henry's creativity bloomed in the cutlery world with colorful logos, slogans, and unique knife designs including the Old Timer lines (1958) and the Uncle Henry lines (1967) that saw Schrade rise to the top of the heap in the marketplace, holding the title of the world's largest manufacturer of quality cutlery for years.

From the 1989 Schrade newsletter:

“Henry Baer possessed a natural business accumen which along with his sense of humor and affability made him a success. His creativity was evidenced by many Schrade innovations. And his commitment to making quality product demanded that he field test all Schrade designs before they were introduced to the public.”

In 1983, Henry Baer was elected into the Cutlery Hall of Fame for his contributions to the cutlery industry.

He was artistic in the more commonly thought of arts as well as in his knife design work. His inter-office memos were decorated with caricatures of himself doing whatever action he was requesting of his staff in the memos. His communications with customers were often spiced with poems and jokes, his watercolors and self-portrait artwork hung in the factory. I have a few examples of his sketches and caricatures from some papers of the early 1970's.
and
http://www.bladeforums.com/forums/showthread.php/522788

 Originally Posted by Codger_64 
The dominant factor in the cutlery industry in the 20s was the Remington Arms Company. Remington, before the days of their acquisition by DuPont, made guns and ammunition. After the First World War, they frantically sought product lines to use the excess facilities created during the War. Thanks to a man of German descent, Tillmans, Remington entered the pocket knife business.

Tillmans was imported from Solingen, Germany, by Adolph Kastor to run a factory at Camillus, New York. He, in turn, brought over workmen from Solingen and soon Camillus was like Yorkville in New York - a German speaking community. You can imagine the shock and surprise of the Sherwood and Bingham families, to see their original English speaking force dominated by the Germans. Tillmans started a man's chorus, known in German as a Mennicore. They traveled around New York State and sang German songs. One of their stops was Utica, New York, home of Utica Brewery which was owned by the Francis X. Matt family who came from solid German stock. Old man Matt liked the singing so much, he convinced Tillmans to stay in Utica with the promise he would build him a cutlery factory, which he did. This was the background and origin of Utica Cutlery. Tillmans soon tired of Utica and when he heard from a former Utica salesman, A. H. Willy, that Remington Arms Company wanted to build a cutlery factory, he applied for the job and Remington was soon in the knife business.

I might add that at one time Tillmans did a similar thing for the American branch of the German company, H. Boker & Co. So in terms of 1974, Mr. Tillmans was responsible for three of the now seven pocket knife manufacturers.
http://www.bladeforums.com/forums/sh...amillus+jewish


 Originally Posted by Codger_64 
Why yes, as a matter of fact, after starting their business by importing knives chiefly from Sheffield, the Kastors brought in quite a few German cutlers. They built a dormatory to house them, Germania Hall. The deal was, you work hard, be dependable and do quality work, and we'll pay passage for other members of your family to come here and work. One of their best German foremen, Carl Tillman, and his crew quit in protest in 1915 because the Kastors made knives for the U.S., British and Canadian Navies, and also for the Dutch.

The Kastors even had their own factory in Solengin-Ohligs Germany, Germania Cutlery Works, run by Adolph Kastor's brother, Nathan Kastor. It operated from circa 1896 thru 1938. Why did it close in 1938 you ask? Well, the Kastors happened to be Jewish, and the leadership of the Nazi party did not think factories should be owned by Jews. No, it wasn't needed to produce knives and bayonets, it was converted to make ribs for umbrellas.

A. Kastor & Bros. was Adolph, Nathan, Sigmund, and August. Then later, the sons, Alfred B., Adolph's oldest son, and Robert N. assumed the leadership when Adolph retired in 1922. Robert resigned and joined the New York Stock Exchange in 1929. Albert Baer replaced him as Sales Manager. He signed Babe Ruth to endorse figural knives. August Kastor retired in 1932, and Albert Baer bought his stock in the company. By 1936, they had become the nations largest supplier of private branded knives. In late 1939, Albert Baer left Kastor Brothers under a cloud. He then bought Ulster from the Dwight Devine family, and the rest is history.

Oh yeah, he retained his stocks, and after the death of Alfred Kastor in 1963, Camillus ownership passed to Baer's two daughters.

Codger
http://www.bladeforums.com/forums/sh...sh#post4138578

 Originally Posted by bernard_levine 
The factory was not seized by the Nazis because of your knife, or any knives. It was seized by the Nazis because the Kastors were Jewish. The factory was handed over to an umbrella manufacturer, who was a Nazi, and began making steel umbrella ribs.

Kastor was an American company. The branch of the family that ran the factory in Ohligs left Germany after the factory was seized, and came here.

Kastor later changed its name to Camillus. The Camillus factory was owned by Kastor since the 1890s. Camillus was named after the town where it is located.

BRL...
this info from Codger also (personal communication):
"Albert and Henry Baer of Ulster and Schrade were grandsons of Henry Bodenheim from Germany and they were Jewish. Albert mentions it in his memoirs. Henry was born Henry Aaron Baer, but later took his grandfather's last name as his middle name. Look at my writings in the Camillus forum about the history. They are quite extensive, Search Germania Hall there. And note that many of Albert's customer base while he sold for Camillus and later his own companies were Jewish, including the top man in Sears."
 
Very interesting subject, and it also came to mind in relation to Kastor the other day while reading Levine 2. Extremely informative posts Jon (tips hat to Codger 64), and I'll be sure to check out the links in them :thumbup:
 
Thank you, Jon. Most informative. I wonder if anyone has drawn up a family tree?
 
I would not fear to buy any German knife old or new because of a possible Nazi connection. With the blockades during wartimes, very few commercial civilian knives would have been produced and exported, almost certainly none with the english spelling "Germany" on the tang. Most Nazi marked knives seen on the market today are either fakes or fantasies produced in the years after the war to fleece soldiers returned without a suitable war souvernier or to unknowledgable collectors as a historical representation. The same is true with other offensive themed knives.

The Kaster (Koester) brothers did not start the Camillus Cutlery. They bought it from Sherwood after trying to use his factory as a local source for knives to fill their orders and found that the English methoids used by Sherwood fell far short of being able to fill their needs. They were indeed at one point the largest manufacturer and importer of cutlery in the U.S., supplanted by the Baer headed Imperial Knives Associated Companies when he left them and formed a partnership with the Mirandos and Fazzanos just before the war, then bought out the Schrade brothers cutlery just after the war. During his time with Camillus, stockboy to salesman to manager, he acquired substantial Camillus stocks which he retained and so Camillus (Kastors) had to pay him annual stock dividends even as he cut deeply into their customer base. He bought the remaining stocks in 1963 and nominally passed them to his two daughters, Marjory and Betsy. It is their families who held these controlling stocks until 2007 when Camillus went into receivership.

Here is a Germania made boys' jack knife that I keep on my desk. It is an example of the low end market segment (they covered all segments). As one might guess, it sold for a dime.

dxyfir.jpg
 
Last edited:
Back
Top