I do not think a gun barrel would make a very good knife. They usually have less than .45% carbon, you could still make a knife from it but it would mostly be show piece (unless you like sharpening). For cladding in a laminated blade it would most likely be just fine, but that's the easy way around these kinds of questions and the easy way is no fun.
Not an expert on gun barrels but I would imagine they are not hardened in the first place, I thought they were just mild steels with some alloys added in to prevent excessive wear. The heating and cooling of a day at the range could ruin a HT. And a hardened barrel risks cracking more, which would not be a good day at the range. Maybe someone more experienced with gun barrels will come along.