Straight edge vs belly, pros and cons?

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I was just wondering... What types of cutting benefit from a straight edge blade (e.g. the long cutting edge of a tanto) vs a blade with a belly? I tend to use the belly of the blade for slicing things, or rocking (e.g. when cutting vegetables). I am interested on specifically the straight edge of the blade, and not on the types of points (nor different benefits of different points) that can be used with them... except if it has to do with the tearing ability at the point, i.e. a utility blade point.

The searches I do all come up with either serrated vs PE, which I am not asking about, peeling fruit, or shaving.
 
First few things that come to mind for me would be:

When using a blade with belly what you are cutting and/or slicing can tend to run away from the edge vs. straight profile keeping the force equal and/or in the case of a recurve collecting and directing. What I am referencing is related to the direction of force applied being easier to balance and direct on a straight edge vs. a curved (belly profile). This same principle applies to long blades (swords, etc.). and this is very significant when it comes to application of pressure at the tip. This is the reason a Stanley box cutter blade has a straight edge all the way to the tip (same goes for a true Wharncliffe profile, Michael Janich does a good job explaining and illustrating these principles on his Ronin design & later Yojimbo - kinda off subject, but on related to transfer of force to cutting edge and tip on a straight profile blade & your references to "tearing ability at the point, i.e. utility blade point").

Belly shape profile will penetrate deeper but not evenly across the length of the edge. Force is more evenly distributed across a straighter profile blades contact patch. This can be good or bad depending on the specific application.

Straight profile will cut more evenly across the length of the edge as it comes into contact (example would be a carpenters axe vs. standard with belly). The straight edge will be superior in making even cuts, like those for notching, joint work, planning, etc.

Your examples related to "rocking" when cutting vegetables is a great first hand usage perspective. You say you tend to use the belly for rocking, I would say that cutting action is being handicapped because when you chop/cut through a clump of vegetables (say for example scallions 'cause I do a lot of those) a straight edge profile will cut evenly across all within it's contact length. Whereas a blade with belly will require rocking, slicing/sliding motion, etc. Cutting lettuce for a salad (iceberg salad only time blade should touch salad, or maybe dicing for coleslaw might be another graphic example of where a straight edge would excel over one with a belly.
 
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Interesting discussion. It is reasonable, perhaps, to assume that the fellow is using a folder. I understand the "rocking motion" of a blade with belly, and use it myself with my kitchen knives when chopping veggies for a salad.
I cringe when I see the unreasonably-large tabs on some flipper models...as that very tab prevents the blade from getting close to a cutting board surface...except perhaps, at the blade's forward edge tip area.
I am not prepared to argue the merits of a straight edge vs a curving edge for kitchen salad-prep, although I know my preference.
 
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I find a straight edge easier to sharpen freehand. I think a straight edge knife needs a proper handle that puts the blade below the center point for it to be usefuls.
 
Interesting discussion. It is reasonable, perhaps, to assume that the fellow is using a folder. I understand the "rocking motion" of a blade with belly, and use it myself with my kitchen knives when chopping veggies for a salad.
I cringe when I see the unreasonably-large tabs on some flipper models...as that very tab prevents the blade from getting close to a cutting board surface...except perhaps, at the blade's forward edge tip area.

I kinda thought he was asking more along the lines of fixed blades ...

"Flippers" and those stupid tabs, finger guards, etc. (what-ever term helps acceptance) never entered my mind as they totally preclude getting any real work done with the vast majority of a blade when it comes to a block/board (cutting, chopping slicing on block/board surface).

Additionally, I thinking my first post should have interjected into the thread some discussion related to positive and negative rake of the handle relation to the blade as it related to getting work done on a block/board. But, I did not because many fixed blades actually elevate the hand above the cutting edge to provide clearance (wood crafting types blade an exception because of the type of work designed for).

Negative-Rake example being many of the Schempp designs (handle angle less than 180-degrees to blade - conducive to collecting cutting material and or extending natural ergonomics of the arm/wrist relationship in a pointing fashion.

Positive-Rake example being hmmm ..., Spydiechef was a recent release of this style (handle angle greater than 180-degrees to blade - conducive to getting the handle up and away from a block/board cutting surface (hence the name of the model).
 
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Interesting video from the Yojimbo designer about straight blade concepts.
[video]https://youtu.be/1ddOdONCCqU[/video]
 
Straight edges are good for pull cuts and precise cutting of sheets of material. Blades with belly are good for skinning.
 
Straight edges are good for pull cuts and precise cutting of sheets of material. Blades with belly are good for skinning.

Thought I might add a little as to the why's these things are with these two different profiles.

"Straight edges are good for pull cuts and precise cutting of sheets of material."
and for tracing patterns like along a straight edge or curve(s). Think exacto knife usages, where only the tip is in contact with a rigid surface making directional changes easier. Also, force is more easily directed to the tip, therefore requires less effort to cut with the tip and/or penetrate.

"Blades with belly are good for skinning."
because of less chance the tip will snag and penetrate the hide, and the way the belly extends the meat from the hide, and the way the force of the cut radiates outward from the point of most force (center of the belly in contact).
 
keep in mind that w/ wharncliffe blades the tip will wear quicker than the rest of the blade probably so that will be a concern when sharpening to keep it a true wharnie without rounding the tip.
 
First few things that come to mind for me would be:
...

Your examples related to "rocking" when cutting vegetables is a great first hand usage perspective. You say you tend to use the belly for rocking, I would say that cutting action is being handicapped because when you chop/cut through a clump of vegetables (say for example scallions 'cause I do a lot of those) a straight edge profile will cut evenly across all within it's contact length. Whereas a blade with belly will require rocking, slicing/sliding motion, etc. Cutting lettuce for a salad (iceberg salad only time blade should touch salad, or maybe dicing for coleslaw might be another graphic example of where a straight edge would excel over one with a belly.

First off (related to a later post), I want to clarify that I was speaking of blades in general, and not specifying folding vs fixed... handles are a whole other ball of wax for me.

I do a little cooking, and tend to prefer my straight edge kitchen knife when I have to lift the blade entirely off the cutting board for chopping things like cabbage (or when using my wrist as a fulcrum). However, a large 8" or bigger Chef's knife (with a little belly for rocking) allows me to slide the tip on the cutting board to make quick work of relatively flat foods (using the belly near the tip as a fulcrum), i.e. for chopping up sliced veggies. It also works great when I have a ton of sliced veggies that I need to chop smaller en masse. The straight edge knife doesn't allow this smooth motion because the tip digs into the cutting board. I don't use two different knives for this task though. I usually default on the 8" knife (with belly).

Before I reference this video, I want to say that I was more interested in the utility side of the straight versus bellied blade designs. However, since you brought up cooking, these videos seem to have examples of what I'm trying to explain. I am no where near as good as these guys and gals though.

1st video:
0:01 Rocking motion I use (bellied)
0:13 Chopping with "pretty close to a straight edge"

2nd video
0:24 Cross chopping sliced veggies en masse
0:42 Rock chopping
11:50 Tap chopping vs rocking for peppers

[video=youtube;oOLQKSvQSzo]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oOLQKSvQSzo[/video]

[video=youtube;5z_d0soK1cI]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5z_d0soK1cI[/video]
 
First off (related to a later post), I want to clarify that I was speaking of blades in general, and not specifying folding vs fixed... handles are a whole other ball of wax for me.

I do a little cooking, and tend to prefer my straight edge kitchen knife when I have to lift the blade entirely off the cutting board for chopping things like cabbage (or when using my wrist as a fulcrum). However, a large 8" or bigger Chef's knife (with a little belly for rocking) allows me to slide the tip on the cutting board to make quick work of relatively flat foods (using the belly near the tip as a fulcrum), i.e. for chopping up sliced veggies. It also works great when I have a ton of sliced veggies that I need to chop smaller en masse. The straight edge knife doesn't allow this smooth motion because the tip digs into the cutting board. I don't use two different knives for this task though. I usually default on the 8" knife (with belly).

Before I reference this video, I want to say that I was more interested in the utility side of the straight versus bellied blade designs. However, since you brought up cooking, these videos seem to have examples of what I'm trying to explain. I am no where near as good as these guys and gals though.

Scott321,

I would say that the belly you have just referenced "a large 8" or bigger Chef's knife (with a little belly for rocking)" is equal to or less than what I believe most on this forum would consider belly (on a typical folder or fixed blade - non kitchen knife), and equal to or less than another reference you made in the OP "straight edge blade (e.g. the long cutting edge of a tanto)" ... so a bit confusing there unless (see my referenced to Americanized Tanto below).

Please understand I am not being critical of your comments; what I mean to say is your references appear to be outside the typical parameters of how many may view things here (I think).

Example: I would normally think of a tanto knife as having relatively mild amount of belly overall and somewhat consistent throughout the edge, but in this case would be more than what you are calling little belly on a large chef's knife (perhaps this is where the term Americanized Tanto enters the discussion - relatively straight blade edge profile with a tanto styled tip?).

It appears you already have a fairly good feel for how you are cutting kitchen wise, and I would think that learned knowledge would be directly applicable to any/all other cutting. The biggest difference being how pressure from the hand is transferred to the tip of a Wharncliffe (directly applicable to the references above related to a Stanley Razor knife blade, typical exacto-blade (yes there are many, but I think most would agree they initially think straight edge), the references to the Michael Janich designed Ronin and Yojimbo models and the references to how a straight edge transfers force to the cut more evenly across the contact area (and/or directly to the tip) compared to how force is transferred along a belly. That 2016 video by Michael Janich does a good job of illustrating the Wharncliffe design (just maybe don't get hung up on the references to defensive use and focus on the aspects discussed related to actual cutting forces and principles and apply those to the questions and answers you are looking for).

RE: "I want to say that I was more interested in the utility side of the straight versus bellied blade designs. "
I think that already was pretty well covered in previous posts above. Do you have specific questions after reading the previous reply posts in your thread, as related to utility side of the straight versus bellied blade designs ?

EDIT:
From what I see in Video 1 1st knife vs. 2nd knife
  • I don't see much difference in the blade cutting edge profile (both appear to have a similar moderate belly).
  • Your references belly vs. straight as it related to the two knives I would say in not accurate (or at least not significantly different in my mind).
  • What I see is just a different style of using a very similar cutting edge profile.
  • Either could be accomplished with a blade with mild belly (what I see in both).
  • Also, the rocking style method and the chopping style method could be accomplished with a totally straight blade profile.
  • With a more aggressive belly blade (say for example an ulu blade) you could still accomplish the task with the rocking style, but performance chopping on a flat cutting board would be significantly reduced because the contact are would be reduced to match the belly.

2nd Video:
I am not really seeing what you may be having any questions about here. I don't really see any handling skills that were not covered in my 11th grade basic cooking class of decades past. Would need a bit more specifics to go on related to questions you may have.

In both video I see things that make me cringe (and in no way do I proclaim any amount of kitchen skills, just what I would consider very basic knowledge of principals, but that principals apply to many things if your choose to think about it I guess ...):


  • Scraping food across a cutting board with the knife edge against the board. Great way to roll an edge, and specifically what a metal scraper is designed for (or even the spine of the knife, just not the edge).
  • Wacking the knife into the cutting board, effectively to say look at me ... makes me want to puke!
  • Running a hand down parallel to the cutting edge to remove food.
  • At least there were some cursory references to running the side of the blade along your curled knuckles as a guide, but I missed any references to keeping finger-tips rolled back with finger-nails engaging the food as a thoughtful way of keep them out of the path of the knife edge.
  • Little to no discussion;
    • related to how different foods react to the blade (cutting a potato vs. cheese vs. meat for example, and the why's they react differently and blade selection process). Try chopping meat with a belly blade without rocking (will not cut fully across because belly contact with cutting-board is minimal without rocking) and see how different the results are from chopping a pepper, potato, or an apple (that severs and splits easily once a cut is initiated). Now try the same with cased meats (a big salami vs pepperoni stick and see how they react differently). Compare back-to-back with a rocking cut and or a blade with less belly. A potato cuts pretty well with any motion including a using a butter-knife or a wallboard putty trowel.
    • What's the sequence for dicing an onion so as to minimise tearing of the operator's eyes (yes, there is a set of steps based on the way an onion grows to minimise/eliminate this issue). Similar steps apply to different foods based on their structure.
    • How a sharp thin knife will result in increased food freshness over time, and increased flavor related to how the fiber are cut cleanly with minimal bruising, and how a sharpening bevel selection (say for example a convex edge vs. a flat bevel) can enhance or detract from these attributes.
    • Then there's potentially another discussion related to cutting for aesthetics and design (making things out of food - shapes, animals, etc., etc.)

Hmmm ..., this has got me wondering now maybe there's a whole forum section here related to this type of stuff (not really my interest though).
 
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Here's a couple reference pic's I have that might get this back on track with regard to where your initial questions came from. Perhaps after viewing these, questions and answers might be a little easier and more direct. Both are fixed blade (non-kitchen style knives) with significantly different blade profiles and usage application performance (similar to the OP questions as I interpreted them initially).

I think 115italian might like the the green handled one (based on his earlier comments ...?)?

Green handle blade profile straight edge - right handed chisel grind
Black handle Blade profile belly edge - mid-saber grind with secondary bevels


Upper picture after re-grind
https://www.instagram.com/p/7hLJ4ZzNEK/?taken-by=gravityroller

Lower picture before re-grind
Thinning and improving the original grinds from a performance perspective was the primary goal.
I was able to spend time cutting with each both before and after performing the work on these two.
Significant improvements as expected resulted.
https://www.instagram.com/p/7gk6cSTNHJ/?taken-by=gravityroller



Black handle video description:
https://www.instagram.com/p/7gw30XTNJo/?taken-by=gravityroller

Green handle video description:
https://www.instagram.com/p/7goS36TNLw/?taken-by=gravityroller

Sorry I could not get links to embed and I am not sure where these originals are stored currently.
Links looks like will require viewing on instagram.
If anyone can help me to make links embedded here, I would be grateful for the advise :-)
 
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Although I was using the videos to illustrate my lackluster explanation of rolling cutting rather than blade shapes, I consider that certain chef's knives have more belly than others (less being closer to a straight edge), although not as pronounced as say a butcher's knife. I know there are different blade shapes of both chef's knives and butcher knives too:

Chef's knife
product-page-banners-classic-usa-940.jpg


Butcher's knife
victorinox-40635-7-butcher-knife-with-fibrox-handle.jpg


Almost straight edge for chopping:
4182-7_2.jpg


Mostly straight edge for carving:
main_variation_Default_view_1_425x425.


I don't chop like a stamping machine or rub my blade sideways on a cutting board, but I won't fault a professional chef that does.

Anyway, I was just trying to make a connection to blade design with what I have more experience with, as I cook everyday versus the few times I've had to cut drywall, carpet, rope, or wood.

I get the "direction of force" explanation as well as the examples other members have elaborated on, such as cutting sheets. Thank you all for your contributions to the discussion. I learned a lot.
 
Scott321,

I will admit, I don't put much stock (or at least, haven't previously) into the names given to knives like those in the photos you just posted. I would say I more tend to look at task at hand (or think about the types of tasks) then a vision for a blade profile(s) and geometry seems to come naturally. Example: Chef's knife ..., what does that really mean with regard to how/what the knife will excell at? Do "chef's" by definition only need one blade shape (maybe they typically only chop & dice ..., then as they perform other tasks they take on a different designation like Butcher, apprentice parring cutter, master carver, sous chef, etc.?, and the term Chef is reserved for the flashy & speedy chop-chop-chop, & rock-n-roll ...?). OMG, I just did a tongue in check search for "sous chef knife" and came back with a bunch of hits with various blade profiles indicating perhaps a "sous chef" has a larger arsenal of tools than a mere "chef". Maybe on to something here :-O (learning wise for me).
Alas, I again expose my ignorance for these terms and the significance of their meanings in the cooking & food prep world.

With regard to rolling vs. chopping I believe the most significant changes to blade geometry (that will have a performance effect would relate to belly near the tip (allow rolling/rocking cutting motion to elevate the cutting edge higher to clear taller product while still anchoring the blade on the cutting surface & not digging in and/or doing damage to cutting surface and/or blade tip), or belly near the mid-section (ulu profiles on the extreme side, etc.) that will more require a rocking motion when cutting on a flat surface (applies to more difficult to cut foods like meats & cheeses, etc.) but, will begin to excel in skinning duties where a more pronounced belly can be beneficial.

Regarding the four blades (pictures) in your most recent post, there's a pretty good mix of features I see that relate much more heavily than just comparing chopping to rocking cutting action. I think all four would perform either of those tasks fairly comparably with respect to the amount of belly vs. the overall length of the cutting edges. The exception I see would be knife #2 Butcher as that aggressive forward belly would allow significantly great depth (or height depending on perspective) of cut in a rocking technique where the front part of the blade (again matter of perspective forward vs reverse grip - will expand a little below on this) is kept in contact with cutting board. Similarly a longer blade would also have these same increases in cutting height in rocking fashion as the increased blade length naturally would increase the height above the board while staying in contact at the tip portion.

Some of the differences I see (not really having any specific consideration to your questions related to rocking vs chopping):
Knife 1 titled chef's knife classic:
I see a relatively consistent edge profile with a moderately progressive belly increasing near the tip.
I would expect universally even performance in a multitude of cutting (chopping, rolling, slicing, etc.).
Performance enhancing geometry would include:
  • Forward belly - reduces snagging the tip in chopping, etc.
  • Forward belly - increasing the rock-n-roll performance.
  • Forward belly - increases in cutting height in rocking fashion
  • Overall extended high blade height - directional cutting would be rather linear (limited in directional changes).
  • Overall extended high blade height - directional would be easier because of increased mass height.
  • Overall extended high blade height - ability to pressure force (with non-dominant hand or mallet) to the spine to cut through thicker tough product.
  • Elevated handle and slightly raised ricasso providing clearance from cutting board.
Performance limiting geometry would include:
  • Forward belly - limits chopping area as it minimises contact proximity of the cutting edge to the board (more significant when cutting meats and foods the generally are more difficult to cut as they do not split on initiation (potatoes, apples, carrots, peppers, etc.)
  • Overall extended high blade height - limits the blades ability to turn laterally as the cutting edge penetrate deeper and product rides up blade.
  • Overall extended high blade height - increases stiction of product to blade limiting performance on deeper cuts.
  • Overall extended high blade height - increases resistance as blade thickness increases closer to spine when cutting solid foods.

Knife #2 titled Butcher's Knife:
Forward belly - all same general benefits as Knife #1
  • Increased forward belly - allows rocking cutting to be higher (clear thicker product with tip area remaining in contact with board).
  • Increased forward belly - increases rocking performance when in reverse grip (common when butchering & in general cutting thick sections of meat).
  • Increased forward belly - increases safety when in reverse grip as tip is pointed to user and cut force is generally directed down/out/away.
  • Overall decreased high blade height - directional cutting stability would be decreased allowing lateral directional changes to say for example parallel cut next to a curved bone (general butchering, sectioning ribs evenly, etc).
Performance limiting geometry would include:
  • Forward belly - all same general limits as Knife #1
  • Overall decreased high blade height - basically the opposite of all listed in #1 above.

Knife #3:
Pretty much similar to Knife #1 with a few exception as follows:
  • Shorter blade (obvious limits here, potentially some bennifits also depending on task).
  • Relief Pockets Ground into Blade.
  • Reduce stiction of food to blade (will cut easier and stick less after cut as there is less contact with the food).
  • In this specific example, where where those pockets extend to the cutting edge, may see some serrated edge type bennifits.
  • Historically, those pockets did not extend to the cutting edge and were primarily only for stiction reduction in my mind.
  • Would be interested to try something like this, compared to same blade with more standardized release pockets that stop above the secondary grind section of the blade.
  • Would imagine edge rolling would be much more significant to due the decreased edge cross section directly above the cutting edge unless the overall thickness of the grind was increased (but this would somewhat limit any performance benefits overall - seems this would be a very fine balance of geometry, blade steel hardening/tempering, and primary/secondary grind along with extra consideration for tool care).

Knife #4 referenced as for carving:
I see a long blade, with a proportionally short blade height , and proportionally less belly overall, and think how would this affect performance.
  • Overall decreased high blade height - same as positives and negative from #2 knife above.
  • Overall decreased high blade height - effectively proportionally lowers the handle elevation above the blade edge, further increasing the blades ability to turn laterally around the handle (especially with consideration that the belly is also proportionally decreased as the blade length has increased).
  • Increased overall blade length - ability to cut wider product sections.
  • Increased overall blade length - ability to cut thicker product sections in a rock-n-roll technique where tip area would stay in contact with board (caution: tip snagging issues references above).
  • In general, first thing that comes to mind is a 30lb turkey and following a breast bone whilst carving up on Turkey-Day. Same would hold true working any large cut where lateral directional changes are needed.

Interestingly, you raised no questions as the the radically differing blade geometries and grinds of those two knives I posted in my last message. Just goes to show how far off my initial interpretations were of you original post ;-O
And, how we dove into cookwear to discuss blade profiles (something I have never experienced).
I for one would like to see more of this type of discussion, awareness & appreciation for our tools as it relates to the bladed tools we carry/use daily/weekly. I am looking to make some significant changes to way I grind some of my tomahawks to test out some options related to cutting performance and various applications as a tool I really enjoy using.

Please take anything I have written here, as merely my reflections based on past experiences as applied to the examples we have discussed, and NOT any type of circum-factia.
I trust/hope anything I have written here will be corrected if need be by others with more knowledge and or experiences than I.

Hopefully, you are getting your questions answered and are finding something of value here. I know I am learning as I reflect on your questions and perspectives, and as general thoughts and impressions turn into written word :-)
 
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