I know cedar has already been mentioned but it's probably the one I've used the most. I haven't tried using the roots for cordage but I'll have to.
Not previously mentioned- Bow Drill
You would think being an evergreen that you might could get fatwood from cedar. Not so, but it does burn well.
Mentioned already- peel some bark off and shred to use as fire starter
I believe I've heard or seen mentioned that the bark can be used as a makeshift toothbrush. I watched a squirrel during deer season this year do this- least that's what it looked like. I haven't tried this one.
Last year during a three day outing with minimum gear. I found some glass bottles that I ultimately used for water. Those bottles had dirt and stuff inside them. I used small cedar branches as bottle brushes to clean them out prior to use. They worked great scrubbing the insides.
If caught out in the woods during an unexpected rain, take cover under a cedar. You won't be totally dry but it sure will help with keeping the bulk of it off you.
I don't have any photos but if you trim some branches you can use those to create a natural blind while hunting, or just sit under a cedar while hunting. I've harvested both deer and turkey while sitting under a cedar tree. A friend of mine uses cut branches tied around the shooting rail of his deer stand for cover. This year I put a few small pieces on the foot platform of my deer stand. They helped keep the noise down from the sole of my boots on the metal, and resulted in a nice cedar aroma. I've taken cut pieces and put in with my hunting clothes to help as a cover scent.
Of course it's used for cedar chests and used to line closets to keep moths out. Mom and Dad had a closet in their house lined with it.
Growing up, every winter my brother and I would go with our grandfather and pick out a cedar to use for his Christmas tree. Fond memories there.
Thanks for the giveaway Iz, and it's great that all this info will be in one thread for future reference.