Modern bladesmiths use a variety of steels to produce their blades, most commonly high carbon steel, such as SAE 1075 or SAE 1095 (the '10' representing the 10-series carbon steels, while '75' '85' and '95' reflect the carbon content of the steel), tool steel such as O-1, A-2, D2 or other tool or high carbon steels.
Swords and longer blades, in modern times, are often crafted of 5160 carbon spring steel, which is not as hard or brittle as a high carbon steel (such as 1095), but is more durable and less prone to breakage, and therefore more suitable for longer weapons. 5160 carbon spring steel is sometimes used for leaf springs in American trucks[19], making it readily available in the US. In the UK & Europe, EN45 is more commonly used.
For further clarification, 5160 spring steel is more durable than 1085 or 1095 high carbon steel, but does not hold an edge for quite as long. 1095 high carbon steel is tougher and more durable than 440C stainless steel, but will rust much more easily. Most stainless steel is more brittle than both 5160 and 1095 carbon steel, but is still very useful due to its resistance to rust and corrosion.