Most guards were made from iron or steel for centuries, it's certainly not a problem for a carbon steel blade, and doesn't add any real extra care consideration. Lots of us still use steel (mild, carbon, whatever) for fittings. Although it is nice to give it a blued, patina, or some kind of finish to help control oxidation.
Something that's rarely ever done, but can be advantageous is to actually HT a carbon steel fitting. Leave it much softer than a blade of course, but it helps with oxidation, and overall finish/wear considerations. On the other hand, if you're inexperienced you may run into some trouble with fitting on a hidden tang, so I'd save this as an advanced exercise.
Some guys are even using micarta/g10 for guards now, and it can look really nice, although I can't comment on the durability. I'm sure it's nothing like steel or other metals in that regard, but g10 especially should be plenty enough for a reasonably heavy use knife that's not going to be abused.