The pictures I've seen show the kamis hardening the edge back to the start of the edge grind, which is 3/8 to 3/4 inch, depending on model.
That's a lot of steel to wear away, but if you did you'd take the blade to the nearest kami and ask him to re-grind and re-harden the blade. Barring unusual damage, I think it would take several generations to use up that much steel.