Hmmmm...we're starting to veer into the subject of "expansion of mind through meditation and/or deprivation", I believe the Japanese/Zen term is "Satori"? Many "monastic" type spiritual seekers in both Eastern and Western traditions report "sudden bursts of enlightenment", often with overtones of "merging with a greater all" or "becoming truly in tune with the universe".
It seems to be linked to intense concentration (meditation or prayer), sensory deprivation, fasting and isolation in the more common forms. However, some "paths" get there via sensory "overload", such as wild dancing (some Native American and African, the "Whirling Dervish" traditions, etc). Repeating sounds in a calm enviromnent is fairly common, mostly chanting, sometimes mechanically derived (prayer wheels, instruments). Rarely, direct pain is involved.
These types of experiences are so universal that there MUST be some "underlying truth" behind it. Unfortunately, I believe the "underlying truth" is purely biochemical in nature.
I say that because by accident, I've personally hit such "intense theological altered states" twice. However, it happened as I was being drugged up in preperation for surgery!!! I have very strange reactions to all types of painkiller meds, it's something I inherited and runs in the family. They often flat-out don't work in normal dosages, therefore on the operating table I floated around in a "halfway state" longer than normal and it took more drugs to put me fully under...in the meantime, I "tripped pretty good", to the point where I had a sudden "spiritual revelation" involving my own heartbeat and the universe at large.
I don't think there's a huge spiritual connection in operating tables and sodium pentathol(sp?). A much simpler explanation was that I was "just tripping". Unfortunately, the similarities between this "tripping" and various "Satori" states cannot be ignored. I don't *enjoy* the thought that some poor mystics isolate themselves and do various other odd things only to end up accidently simulating a drugged-out state with no spiritual significance but...sigh, that's sure as hell what it looks like.
Partial confirmation of this theory of mine is that a whole lot of "spiritual paths" involve hallucinagens...and they seem to "get to the same place" as the "prayer and meditation crowd". Even idiots with LSD often get "sudden revelations" of an extremely stupid nature, sometimes staring in shocked awe at something like a toilet - for hours.
I hope I haven't upset anybody here, and I'd love to see evidence I'm wrong no matter how sketchy. But...based on my own research and personal experiences, "sudden enlightenment" may be grossly overrated.
Jim March