I’m reading Preface to Paradise lost by C. S. Lewis in preparation for reading Milton’s Paradise Lost (again).
Never having read C. S. Lewis's
Preface, I will share some fun facts about John Milton and
Paradise Lost.
Upon entering college in 1965, I learned to my surprise that
Paradise Lost was a great introduction to reading German! German, like Latin, is a highly inflected language, and writers in their classical styles favored very long sentences with the principal verb last, to make sure you're still awake at the end.
Paradise Lost Book 1, verses 1—6 is a good example of this, and in verses 6—16 he equals all the ancients and moderns I have read, except for Hegel. Milton was the Commonwealth's Latin Secretary from 1649 to 1660. He composed and translated the Commonwealth's diplomatic correspondence and overseas propaganda, all in Latin according to mid 17th century practice. and his English-language writings reflect his habit of writing and thinking in Latin.
As Secretary for Foreign Tongues to the Commonwealth Council, Milton attended Council meetings as a minister without portfolio, and his conference of the fallen angel leaders in Hell,
Paradise Lost Book 1, reflects those meetings "with only the names changed to protect the innocent" as Sgt. Joe Friday would say.
If you would like to see Pandemonium, seat of government for all the Devils in Hell, go to London and visit St. Paul's Cathedral! This is Old St. Paul's as Milton would have seen it in 1630, with Inigo Jones's neo-classical West Front.
In 1661, Christopher Wren began advertising for a rebuilt St. Paul's based on Inigo Jones's West Front, with the steeple (destroyed by lightning in 1661) replaced by a grandiose dome. His prospectus was illustrated with drawings, which would have been described to Milton (who went blind in 1652) by his daughters and paid transcriptionists before the first edition of
Paradise Lost was published in 1667. After Old St. Paul's was gutted in London's Great Fire of 1666, Wren followed his 1661 drawing in building the present St. Paul's Cathedral, only changing the nave from a Greek cross to Roman.
This photograph is St. Paul's Cathedral undergoing cleaning in 1977. The cleaned part is the way I saw it in 1985 and the way Milton imagined it in 1667 (minus the London bus).
The hasty multitude
Admiring entered; and the work some praise,
And some the architect. His hand was known
In Heaven by many a towered structure high,
Where sceptred Angels held their residence,
And sat as Princes, whom the supreme King
Exalted to such power, and gave to rule,
Each in his Hierarchy, the Orders bright.
Paradise Lost Book 1, Verses 730—737
Christopher Wren rebuilt most of London's principal churches destroyed by the Great Fire. Milton imagined Pandemonium, like the $100,000 Swiss wrist watches of our time, cased in 18 karat gold alloy.
The reason Milton wrote in fetters when he wrote of Angels & God, and at liberty when of Devils & Hell, is because he was a true Poet and of the Devil's party without knowing it.
—William Blake, The Marriage of Heaven and Hell (1790)