It can surely be overwhelming but we can break down and unpack it a little bit. No need to dive too deep just to try understanding the basic concept.
When you melt metal, you have all your different elements that will comprise the final alloy added in together. You can pour that metal out into individual molds to form billets/ingots or in some cases let it solidify in the melting crucible. This is sorta like ice cream in reverse. Imagine a big bowl of melted chocolate chip ice cream. If you pour that into say four small bowels and toss them into the freezer to harden, it is difficult to control the quantity of chips that will end up in each bowel. Further, the chips will just sort of disperse and settle randomly within each bowel. When folks talk about homogeneity that's what their talking about. The more evenly and equally distributed all the tiny little elements are, the better.
In powder metallurgy, they basically still melt all those elements together but then they turn that material into powder. So now everything is super fine and the particles are round, not jagged, so they will pack in tight. Then they blend that all up in the powder form (I think they blend for steels - I might be wrong on this part). This process really helps ensure that homogeneity because everything is so fine and so evenly dispersed. Now, you put that blended powder into a "sealed" die and apply a bunch of heat and pressure to form it back into a solid. Imagine trying to build a sandcastle with gravel rather beach sand. Here you're using that beach sand. Everything packs in so tightly that it becomes one solid piece of material. Then you have sorta the Superman turning coal into diamonds in his super strong hands kind of thing.
Both processes give you a solid alloyed piece of metal but the powder process will give you a much more refined and homogeneous piece of that same material.
I hope that helps some. Not trying to be condescending in anyway with my analogies. Just trying to think of ideas people can relate to.
Larrin
how'd I do?