FWIW, I agree with the sand blasted surface. Not only is it rough and corrosion prone, it's also uniform. Hand sanded can actually be worse due to deep scratches, but it's not uniform.
In the aerospace world, these types of materials are known as CPCs (Corrosion Protective Compounds).
While we mostly worry about the corrosion of high strength aluminum alloys (a HUGE problem on commercial aircraft), the same compounds that work on aluminum also work on carbon steel. LPS-3 has given us very good results. It forms a soft waxy film on the surface, likely similar to that of "WD-40 Long Term Corrosion Inhibitor". BTW I see that WD-40 is renaming that product as "WD-40 Specialist Corrosion inhibitor". That product is significantly more robust than regular WD-40.
https://www.wd40.com/products/corrosion-inhibitor/
LPS-3 comes in an aerosol or regular can. The price is reasonable. Carried by all sorts of vendors.
https://www.itwprobrands.com/product/lps-3
I can't find the reference off hand, but some years ago I came across a comparison test of CPCs run on carbon steel (Think it was 1065). LPS-3 performed among the best.