David got it just right. Its the end of the reins and is called a romal. These type of reins are called romal reins or when I was young they were often referred to as California reins. As David mentioned the romal can be used as a quirt but its biggest use is as a counter balance. Take up slack from the horse and then reward the horse for his correct response by feeding slack back. These reins are hand braided from rawhide and were made by my friend Vince Donley, one of the greatest braiders on the planet. Here's Vince with a hat and and a knife, (we traded).
In the vaquero horsemanship tradition here in California (V 's were pronounced as a B in Californio Spanish, so it was pronounced Bahquero which got Anglicized to buckaroo), as its practiced today there are four stages of training a horse. My filly above, Lil Sis is in the first stage being ridden in the snaffle bit.. The snaffle bit is very mild and works off of lateral pressure there is no leverage to a snaffle bit. Might ride her for a year or so this way, nothing set in stone though, maybe longer maybe not so long depends on her. After that we'd ride the horse in the hackamore from the Spanish, La Jaquima. This is a rawhide noseband (what Vince is holding in the first pic of him). A hackamore is made up of three parts. The noseband, what Vince is holding called a bosal. A leather strap called a hanger to hold it on the horses head and the reins made out of twisted mane hair called a mecate. Only when all three parts are together is it a hackamore. Here Miss Emma is riding her mestano in the hackamore. Nothing in the horse's mouth just the rawhide noseband:
She's smiling so big cause she just smoked the competition:
And of course she wears a knife with her hat:
The horse might be ridden in the hackamore for a year or two, again no absolute timeline. This is after all, the land of manana. As the horse progresses, the bosals will decrease in diameter going from 5/8"s to 1/2" to 3/8"s to sometimes even a 1/4". But besides this progression, a guy's gonna need different stiffnesses in the varying sizes too. It literally takes a wall full of stuff to do this right. Ya need a bunch of mecates as well as they need to be the same diameter as the bosal you are using them on.
The next step is where things get complicated. Its called the two rein because the horse is now being ridden in two different sets of reins at the same time. At the start you are using just the mecate reins of the small hackamore under the bridle. In the middle you use both sets of reins evenly and at the end you are using just the bridle reins. Here's a pic of the wife with her knife and hat riding Josie her roan mare in the two rein:
This two rein step can be six months or two years, always manana.
The final step is straight up in the bridle or what we call a bridle horse. This is me riding Sonny straight up, dragging this soggy bull calf out to be processed. When roping the romal of the reins is flipped over to the left side to keep it getting tangled in the rope and you can see that in these shots:
Knife and hat in action:
Now a bridle horse will still wear a very small bosalita or under bridle noseband and a "get down rope." We NEVER lead a horse by the reins. We've just spent years protecting and refining his mouth. So ya have a get down rope to lead the horse with when you "get down." Here on Downtown Mr Brown you can see the rawhide bosalita and the black and white get down rope that is tied around the base of his neck and coiled and tied at the base of the fork of my saddle. Sometimes ya might run the get down through the bottom of the bosalita to help them lead a little better if you are getting down a lot. Thats how Nichole my wife had it on Bonita above when she was fixing fence.
These days Josie is straight up in the bridle too.
Its a lifetime pursuit, you're never gonna get there, there's always more, always manana:
Hats and knives:
Oh and fancy loops? Dwight here is throwing a shot I've never seen anybody else even try to throw. He's swinging this loop backwards, when he releases it will roll over 180 degrees on its axis and come in behind and around the butt of the cow and then end up in front of the back legs coming in from the left side. My son Logan, on Downtown Mr Brown has the head:
Fancy loops a whole nuther story!
Knives and hats: